[영문 번역] 아리스토텔레스, 형이상학 1권 5장

5

 

Contemporaneously with these philosophers and before them, the so-called Pythagoreans, who were the first to take up mathematics, not only advanced this study, but also having been brought up in it they thought its principles were the principles of all things.

이러한 사상가들과 동시대에 그리고 그들 이전에 소위 피타고라스 학파로 불린 ,처음으로 수학을 연구했던 첫번째 사람들은 이런 학문의 진보 뿐 아니라 그들이 수학 속에서 양육되었기 때문에 그들은 이것의 원리들을 모든 것들의 원리들이라 생각했다.

Since of these principles numbers are by nature the first, and in numbers they seemed to see many resemblances to the things that exist and come into being-more than in fire and earth and water (such and such a modification of numbers being justice, another being soul and reason, another being opportunity-and similarly almost all other things being numerically expressible); 이러한 원리들 중 수들이 본성적으로 최초의 것이기 때문에 그리고 수에 있어서 그들은 불이나 흙이나 물에 있어서보다 존재하고 생성하는 사물들에서 많은 닮은 점을 본다고 생각했기 때문이다. (이러저러한 수들의 양태가 정의고, 다른 양태는 영혼과 정신이고, 다른 양태는 기회와 비슷한 거의 모든 다른 것들의 양태는 수적으로 표현가능하다)

since, again, they saw that the modifications and the ratios of the musical scales were expressible in numbers;-since, then, all other things seemed in their whole nature to be modelled on numbers, and numbers seemed to be the first things in the whole of nature, they supposed the elements of numbers to be the elements of all things, and the whole heaven to be a musical scale and a number.

다시 그들은 양태와 음악적 조화의 비율이 수로 표현될 수 있다고 보았기 때문에 그리고 그들의 전체적 본성에 있어서 모든 다른 사물들은 수에 따라서 만들어진 것 같아 보이고 수들은 자연의 전체에 있어서 최초의 것들로 보이기 때문에 그들은 수들의 요소들이 만물의 요소가 되고 전체 우주가 화성이고 수라고 가정했다.

And all the properties of numbers and scales which they could show to agree with the attributes and parts and the whole arrangement of the heavens, they collected and fitted into their scheme;

그리고 수들의 화성들의 우주의 양태들과 부분들과 전체 배열과 그들이 일치하는 것으로 보여질 수 있는 모든 특성들을 그들은 모아서 (구조적으로)짜맞추었다.

 

 

and if there was a gap anywhere, they readily made additions so as to make their whole theory coherent.

그리고 만약 어딘가에 차이가 있으면 그들은 기꺼이 그들의 전체이론을 명료하게 만들기 위해서 추가했다.

E.g. as the number 10 is thought to be perfect and to comprise the whole nature of numbers, they say that the bodies which move through the heavens are ten, but as the visible bodies are only nine, to meet this they invent a tenth — the‘counter-earth’. We have discussed these matters more exactly elsewhere.

예를들어 10은 완벽하다고 생각되고 수의 전체 본성을 구성하는 것처럼 그들은 우주를 통해 움직이는 천체가 10개라 말했으나 눈에보이는 천체가 단지 9개 였기에 이점에 대처하기 위해 열번째 천체를 고안해냈다- 대지구 .우리는 이 일을 다른 곳에서 더 정확하게 논의한 바 있다.

But the object of our review is that we may learn from these philosophers also what they suppose to be the principles and how these fall under the causes we have named.

그러나 우리의 검토의 목적은 우리가 이러한 철학자들로부터 또한 무엇을 원리라고 생각했고 어떻게 이러한 원리들로 명명하게 되었는지를 배우는 것이다.

Evidently, then, these thinkers also consider that number is the principle both as matter for things and as forming both their modifications and their permanent states, and hold that the elements of number are the even and the odd, and that of these the latter is limited, and the former unlimited;

명백하게 이러한 사상가들은 또한 수가 사물들의 질료로써의 원리일 뿐 아니라 사물들의 양태들과 그것들의 영구적 형태들을 형성하는 것으로써의 원리(형상인)라고 생각한다. 그리고 수들의 요소들은 짝과 홀이고, 이것들 중 후자는 한정되어있고 전자는 한정이 없다.

and that the One proceeds from both of these (for it is both even and odd), and number from the One; and that the whole heaven, as has been said, is numbers.

그리고 ‘하나’는 이러한 양자로부터 생겨났고 그리고 수는 하나에서 생기며 전 우주는 말해진것처럼 수이다.

 

*영어 원문은 Ross의 번역입니다